{"id":1056,"date":"2011-11-30T12:32:56","date_gmt":"2011-11-30T10:32:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/beta.archaiologia.gr\/agon\/?post_type=archive&p=1056"},"modified":"2021-11-08T15:22:36","modified_gmt":"2021-11-08T13:22:36","slug":"mauritania-ancient-libraries-in-the-desert","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/2011\/11\/30\/mauritania-ancient-libraries-in-the-desert\/","title":{"rendered":"Mauritania: ancient libraries in the desert"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mauritania was for many centuries a hub of culture in which the acquisition and spread of knowledge was an activity of fundamental importance. The remains of cities like Chinguetti, Ouadane, Tichit and Oualata, classified as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO, are one of the visible expressions of this rich culture. Situated in the heart of the western Sahara, these ancient oases grew to serve the caravan routes linked to trans-Saharan commerce. Soon they became centres of religious instruction, where mosques and madrassas, the Koranic schools, flourished.
\nWe set out to discover these ancient library cities and sound the alarm for a civilisation under siege from the desert.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mauritania was for many centuries a hub of culture in which the acquisition and spread…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1059,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[983,976],"tags":[],"agentacat":[],"class_list":["post-1056","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-2008-en","category-archive-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMauritania: ancient libraries in the desert - Agon festival<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/2011\/11\/30\/mauritania-ancient-libraries-in-the-desert\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mauritania: ancient libraries in the desert - Agon festival\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mauritania was for many centuries a hub of culture in which the acquisition and spread...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/2011\/11\/30\/mauritania-ancient-libraries-in-the-desert\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Agon festival\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2011-11-30T10:32:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-11-08T13:22:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/ELVADILL-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"2048\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Agon Festival\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"\u03a6\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb \u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u0391\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/\",\"sameAs\":[],\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/#logo\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/logoAGON1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/logoAGON1.jpg\",\"width\":2200,\"height\":1000,\"caption\":\"\u03a6\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb \u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u0391\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/#logo\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/\",\"name\":\"Agon festival\",\"description\":\"\u03a6\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb \u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u0391\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/2011\/11\/30\/mauritania-ancient-libraries-in-the-desert\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/ELVADILL-scaled.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/ELVADILL-scaled.jpg\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":2048},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/2011\/11\/30\/mauritania-ancient-libraries-in-the-desert\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/2011\/11\/30\/mauritania-ancient-libraries-in-the-desert\/\",\"name\":\"Mauritania: ancient libraries in the desert - Agon festival\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/2011\/11\/30\/mauritania-ancient-libraries-in-the-desert\/#primaryimage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2011-11-30T10:32:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-08T13:22:36+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/2011\/11\/30\/mauritania-ancient-libraries-in-the-desert\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/2011\/11\/30\/mauritania-ancient-libraries-in-the-desert\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/2011\/11\/30\/mauritania-ancient-libraries-in-the-desert\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Mauritania: ancient libraries in the desert\"}]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/2011\/11\/30\/mauritania-ancient-libraries-in-the-desert\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/2011\/11\/30\/mauritania-ancient-libraries-in-the-desert\/#webpage\"},\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/#\/schema\/person\/bfe268d687149d66eead3317b0ef82c9\"},\"headline\":\"Mauritania: ancient libraries in the desert\",\"datePublished\":\"2011-11-30T10:32:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-08T13:22:36+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/2011\/11\/30\/mauritania-ancient-libraries-in-the-desert\/#webpage\"},\"wordCount\":113,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/2011\/11\/30\/mauritania-ancient-libraries-in-the-desert\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/ELVADILL-scaled.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"2008\",\"archive\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/#\/schema\/person\/bfe268d687149d66eead3317b0ef82c9\",\"name\":\"Agon Festival\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/#personlogo\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/agon-logo-white-sq-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/agon-logo-white-sq-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Agon Festival\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/author\/agon\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Mauritania: ancient libraries in the desert - Agon festival","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/2011\/11\/30\/mauritania-ancient-libraries-in-the-desert\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Mauritania: ancient libraries in the desert - Agon festival","og_description":"Mauritania was for many centuries a hub of culture in which the acquisition and spread...","og_url":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/2011\/11\/30\/mauritania-ancient-libraries-in-the-desert\/","og_site_name":"Agon festival","article_published_time":"2011-11-30T10:32:56+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-11-08T13:22:36+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":2048,"url":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/ELVADILL-scaled.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Agon Festival","Est. reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/#organization","name":"\u03a6\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb \u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u0391\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd","url":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/","sameAs":[],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/#logo","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/logoAGON1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/logoAGON1.jpg","width":2200,"height":1000,"caption":"\u03a6\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb \u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u0391\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/#logo"}},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/","name":"Agon festival","description":"\u03a6\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb \u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u0391\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/2011\/11\/30\/mauritania-ancient-libraries-in-the-desert\/#primaryimage","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/ELVADILL-scaled.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/ELVADILL-scaled.jpg","width":2560,"height":2048},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/2011\/11\/30\/mauritania-ancient-libraries-in-the-desert\/#webpage","url":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/2011\/11\/30\/mauritania-ancient-libraries-in-the-desert\/","name":"Mauritania: ancient libraries in the desert - Agon festival","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/2011\/11\/30\/mauritania-ancient-libraries-in-the-desert\/#primaryimage"},"datePublished":"2011-11-30T10:32:56+00:00","dateModified":"2021-11-08T13:22:36+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/2011\/11\/30\/mauritania-ancient-libraries-in-the-desert\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/2011\/11\/30\/mauritania-ancient-libraries-in-the-desert\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/2011\/11\/30\/mauritania-ancient-libraries-in-the-desert\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae","item":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Mauritania: ancient libraries in the desert"}]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/2011\/11\/30\/mauritania-ancient-libraries-in-the-desert\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/2011\/11\/30\/mauritania-ancient-libraries-in-the-desert\/#webpage"},"author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/#\/schema\/person\/bfe268d687149d66eead3317b0ef82c9"},"headline":"Mauritania: ancient libraries in the desert","datePublished":"2011-11-30T10:32:56+00:00","dateModified":"2021-11-08T13:22:36+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/2011\/11\/30\/mauritania-ancient-libraries-in-the-desert\/#webpage"},"wordCount":113,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/2011\/11\/30\/mauritania-ancient-libraries-in-the-desert\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/ELVADILL-scaled.jpg","articleSection":["2008","archive"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/#\/schema\/person\/bfe268d687149d66eead3317b0ef82c9","name":"Agon Festival","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/#personlogo","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/agon-logo-white-sq-96x96.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/agon-logo-white-sq-96x96.jpg","caption":"Agon Festival"},"url":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/author\/agon\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1056","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1056"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1056\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7014,"href":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1056\/revisions\/7014"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1059"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1056"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1056"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1056"},{"taxonomy":"agentacat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.agonfestival.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/agentacat?post=1056"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}